
The game features new equipment for the series, such as a scoped crossbow with different kinds of ammunition (e.g., explosive) as well as Dragon's Breath rounds for shotguns. During the campaign, the player will pilot aircraft: an SR-71 Blackbird and an attack helicopter have been confirmed. The dismemberment feature, showcased only in Call of Duty: World at War, can be seen in the teaser trailer. It will also be the first game in the series to feature the player characters speak in-game.

Currently, little is known about multiplayer modes. Vehicles will return, as well as dedicated servers for the PC version, unlike Infinity Ward's Modern Warfare 2. "Create-a-Class 2.0" will allow enhanced customization with appearance items as well as the usual perks. Treyarch's multiplayer lead designer confirmed on their official forum that "killstreaks" will not count towards each other but will carry over after the player's death. He also stated there will be no TNW or other game-ending killstreak rewards.
Call of Duty: Black Ops is set in the Cold War. Players take the role of black ops operators involved in missions behind enemy lines, taking place in various locations such as the Ural Mountains and Vietnam
In May 2009, publisher Activision was rumored to be looking for licensing regarding Vietnam War-era music which led to speculation that Call of Duty 7 would be set in Vietnam. Still in May 2009, Treyarch employee David Kim revealed on his LinkedIn profile that he will work as a senior animator on Call of Duty 7. In November 2009, only a few days before Modern Warfare 2's release, Activision officially announced a new Call of Duty title for 2010 through their third quarter financial call. In February 2010, a casting call for Call of Duty 7 led to speculation that the game would be taking place during the Cold War-era with some battles taking place in South Vietnam. On April 30, 2010, Call of Duty: Black Ops was officially announced.
Mocap actor Jeremy Dunn acting for Call of Duty: Black Ops, using the full performance capture technology.Treyarch is working only on the game and nothing else currently, unlike past practice. However, it has different teams, each working on separate game modes. Treyarch is using a motion capture technology similar to the one used in James Cameron's Avatar film, which allows accurate facial expressions, capturing the whole performance of the actor The studio also consulted special forces veterans from both belligerents of the Cold War: Major John Plaster (US Army-Ret.) who served in the MACV-SOG during the Vietnam War, and former Soviet special forces operative Sonny Puzikas.